Poetry Tugas

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. DEFINITION OF POETRY

What is poetry ?

There are as many definition of poetry as there are poet.

• William Wordsworth

“Poetry as the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”.

• Emily Dickinso

“If I read a book and it makes my body so cold no fire ever can warm me, I know that is poetry”.

• Dylan Thomas

“Poetry is what makes me laugh or cry or yawn, what makes my toenails twinkle, what makes me want to do this or that or nothing”.

Poetry is an imaginative awareness of expressed through meaning. Sound, and rhythmic language choice so as to evoke an emotional response. Poetry has been known to employ meter and rhyme, but this is by no means necessary. Poetry is an ancient form that has gone through numerous and drastic reinvention over time. The very nature of poetry as an authentic and individual mode of expression makes it early impossible to define.

B. ELEMENTS OF POETRY

Alliteration

Two or more words which have the same initial sound.

Assonance

A partial rhyme which has the same internal vowel sounds amongst different words.

Metaphor

A comparison which does not use the words like or as.

Repetitions

The repetition of the same word throughout the poem to emphasize significance.

Rhyme

The repetition of sounds within different words, either end sound, middle or beginning.

Rhythm

The flow of words within each meter and stanza.

Simile

A comparison using the words like or as.

Style

The way the poem is written. Free-style, ballad, haiku, etc. Includes length of meters, number of stanzas along with rhyme techniques and rhythm.

Symbol

Something that represents something else through association, resemblance or convention

Theme

The message, point of view and idea of the poem.

Metonymy

the use of something closely related for the thing actually meant.

Synecdoche

the whole is replaced by the part.

Personification

A figure of speech in which human attributes are given to an animal, an object, or a concept                                           

Allegory or Parable

A poem in the form of a narrative or story that has a second meaning beneath the surface one. evoke  

Paradox

A statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible elements, but on closer inspection may be true.

Hyperbole

A bold, deliberate overstatement not intended to be taken literally, it is used as a means of emphasizing the truth of a statement. This is relatively rare in Frost.

Understatement

The presentation of a thing with underemphasis in order to achieve a greater effect.

Irony Verbal irony

is a figure of speech when an expression used is the opposite of the thought in the speaker's mind, thus conveying a meaning that contradicts the literal definition.

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

Analysis of poetry “TO MY DEAR AND LOVING HUSBAND” by ANNE BRADSTREET

TO MY DEAR AND LOVING HUSBAND

If ever two were one, then surely we.
If ever man were lov'd by wife, then thee.
If ever wife was happy in a man,
Compare with me, ye women, if you can. 

I prize thy love more than whole Mines of gold
Or all the riches that the East doth hold.
My love is such that Rivers cAnneot quench,
Nor ought but love from thee give recompetence. 

Thy love is such I can no way repay.
The heavens reward thee manifold, I pray.
Then while we live, in love let's so persever
That when we live no more, we may live ever.

1. Approach

To analyzing this poem, I use the several approaches. This is will help me to indentifying and understanding this poem. There are several approaches in a poetry include structural / objective approach, expressive approach pragmatics, semiotic. To analyzing the poem “To my Dear and Loving Husband” I use the structural /objective approach because this approach to analyze a poem based on the elements contained in the poem. This approach is very appropriate to the poem, because the poem is clearly visible elements contained therein.

2. Kind of poetry that use in this poem

Ballad is the literary a long poem that tells a story like love or adventure

3. Theme

“To my dear and Loving Husband’ the author written poem that about her love to her husband that can change until her husband died. Her husband who she always to love forever.

4. Structure of Poem

Based on this poem. This poem have structure of stanza and line, this poem has 3 stanza and have 4 line in each stanza. All of the stanza of this poem tell that this poem clearly demonstrates the love she had for her husband, more so of her desire to love him. I think that she was a real lonely person, and she wrote this poem to show him how much she wanted him to be there with her to spend as much time with her as he could. She clearly demonstrates that she felt she probably didn't get enough love from him, as it explains towards the end of the poem that she says to live as much in life as you can, and the importance of it.

5. Rhyme of the poem

This poem just using form of rhyme. Example :

If ever two were one, then surely we.
If ever man were lov'd by wife, then thee.  AABB
If ever wife was happy in a man,
Compare with me, ye women, if you can. 

I prize thy love more than whole Mines of gold 
Or all the riches that the East doth hold.  AABB
My love is such that Rivers cAnneot quench,
Nor ought but love from thee give recompetence. 

Thy love is such I can no way repay.
The heavens reward thee manifold, I pray.  AABB
Then while we live, in love let's so persever
That when we live no more, we may live ever.

6. Tone of poem

The writer want to composed both as a meditation on his own feelings of loneliness and loss of her husband.

7. Imagery

I think this poem talks about the love that she feels for her husband that means everything to her and that she will love him while she lives and after death too because her love is forever and ever as she choosed to feel it.that she is daring any woman to love her husband more than god i think that she has to much love for her man that no one can stop her from loving him as much as her.

I think also that this poem is clearly demonstrates the love she had for her husband, more so of her desire to love him. I think that she was a real lonely person, and she wrote this poem to show him how much she wanted him to be there with her to spend as much time with her as he could. She clearly demonstrates that she felt she probably didn't get enough love from him, as it explains towards the end of the poem that she says to live as much in life as you can, and the importance of it.

8. Form

She use ballad."To My Dear and Loving Husband" is an intensely felt expression of wifely love and devotion that achieves its effect through the use of paradox - seeming contradictions that are nevertheless true. One example is the opening line: "If ever two were one, then surely we." The commonplace notion of marital union receives novelty with the omission of a predicate in the main clause.

The device is sustained throughout next two lines expressing first the depth of her love and then her marital bliss.

If ever man were loved by wife, then thee;
If ever wife was happy in a man

Bradstreet shifts to simile and hyperbole at line 5.

I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold,
Or all the riches that the East doth hold.
My love is such that rivers cannot quench,
Nor ought but love from thee give recompense.

She returns to paradox in her final couplet.

Then when we live, in love let's so persever,
That when we live no more we may live ever.

The archaic verb "persever" imports the idea of abiding continuity transcending death. In addition it repeats the key term "ever," used in each of the poem's thee opening lines as well as the concluding line.

BIOGRAPHY

Anne Bradstreet was born in Northampton, England, in the year 1612, daughter of Thomas Dudley and Dorothy Yorke;  Dudley, who had been a leader of volunteer soldiers in the English Reformation and Elizabethan Settlement, was then a steward to the Earl of Lincoln;  Dorothy was a gentlewoman of noble heritage and she was also well educated.

At the age of 16, Anne was married to Simon Bradstreet, a 25 year old assistant in the Massachusetts Bay Company and the son of a Puritan  minister, who had been in the care of the Dudleys since the death of his father.

Anne and her family emigrated to America in 1630 on the Arabella, one of the first ships to bring Puritans to New England in hopes of setting up plantation colonies. The journey was difficult; many perished during the three month journey, unable to cope with the harsh climate and poor living conditions, as sea squalls rocked the vessel, and scurvy brought on by malnutrition claimed their lives.  Anne, who was a well educated girl, tutored in history, several  languages and literature, was ill prepared for such rigorous travel, and would find the journey very difficult.

Their trials and tribulations did not end upon their arrival, though, and many of those who had survived the journey, either died shortly thereafter, or elected to return to England, deciding they had suffered through enough.  Thomas Dudley and his friend John Winthrop made up the Boston settlement's government;  Winthrop was Governor, Dudley Deputy-Governor and Bradstreet Chief-Administrator. 

The colonists' fight for survival had become daily routine, and the climate, lack of food, and primitive living arrangements made it very difficult for Anne to adapt.  She turned inwards and let her faith and imagination guide her through the most difficult  moments; images of better days back in England,  and the belief that God had not abandoned them helped her survive the hardships of the colony. 

Having previously been afflicted with smallpox, Anne would once again fall prey to illness as paralysis took over her joints; surprisingly, she did not let her predicament dim her passion for living, and she and her husband managed to make a home for themselves, and raise a family.  Despite her poor health, she had eight children, and loved them dearly.  Simon eventually came to prosper in the new land, and for a while it seemed things would not be so bad.

Tragedy struck once more, when one night the Bradstreet home was engulfed in flames; a devastating fire which left the family homeless and devoid of personal belongings.  It did not take too long for them to get back on their feet, thanks to their hard work, and to Simon's social standing in the community.

While Anne and her husband were very much in love, Simon's political duties kept him traveling to various colonies on diplomatic errands, so Anne would spend her lonely days and nights reading from her father's vast collection of books, and educating her children.  The reading would not only keep her from being lonely, but she also learned a great deal about religion, science, history, the arts, and medicine; most of all, reading helped her cope with life in New England.

Anne Bradstreet was especially fond of poetry, which she had begun to write herself; her works were kept private though, as it was frowned upon for women to pursue intellectual enlightenment, let alone create and air their views and opinions.  She wrote for herself, her family, and close circle of educated friends, and did not intend on publication.  One of her closest friends, Anne Hutchinson, who was also a religious and educated woman had made the mistake of airing her views publicly, and was banished from her community.

However, Anne's work would not remained unnoticed... Her brother-in-law, John Woodbridge, had secretly copied Anne's work, and would later bring it to England to have it published, albeit without her permission.  Woodbridge even admitted to it in the preface of her first collection,  "The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, By a Gentlewoman of Those Parts", which was published in 1650.  The book did fairly well in England, and was to be the last of her poetry to be published during her lifetime.  All her other poems were published posthumously.

Anne Bradstreet's poetry was mostly based on her life experience, and her love for her husband and family.  One of the most interesting aspects of her work is the context in which she wrote; an atmosphere where the search for knowledge was frowned upon as being against God's will, and where women were relegated to traditional roles.  Yet, we cAnneot help but feel the love she had for both God, and her husband, and her intense devotion to both, and to her family, despite the fact that she clearly valued knowledge and intellect, and was a free thinker, who could even be considered an early feminist.

By Anne Bradstreet's health was slowly failing; she had been through many ailments, and was now afflicted with tuberculosis.  Shortly after contracting the disease,  she lost her daughter Dorothy to illness as well, but her will was strong, and perhaps, as a reflection of her own acceptance of death, she found solace in thinking of her daughter in a better place.  

Soon thereafter, Anne Bradstreet's long and difficult battle with illness would be at an end, and she passed away on September 16, 1672, in Andover, Massachusetts, at the age 60.

CHAPTER III

CONCLUSSION

Conclussion

In her poem "To My Dear and Loving Husband," Anne Bradstreet expresses her profound love and undying affection for her husband. Bradstreet makes a point to enlighten her husband of her devotion and longing as opposed to duty, which leaves the question whether or not she reflected the Puritan lifestyle of her time. She conveys this message through figurative language and declarative tone, using imagery, repetition, and paradoxes.

Anne Bradstreet's poem, To My Dear and Loving Husband, shows her profound love and undying affection for her husband. For a Puritan woman who is supposed to be reserved, Bradstreet makes it her obligation to enlighten her husband of her devotion. She conveys this message through her figurative language and declarative tone by using imagery, repetition, and paradoxes. Over and over again she expresses her adoration for him with imagery. "I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold, Or all the riches that the east doth hold. My love is such that rivers can not quench,..." (5-7). Bradstreet is declaring there is nothing as powerful as the love she shares with her husband which is untouchable and eternal. These three lines may also be viewed as a hyperbole. Love can completely change a person.

Constructive

I can take the constructive that all the poem which describe about love like sad, falling in love or maybe loneliness, it always with the feeling of the reader. That must back to the writer’s feeling. And especially for this poem, the hoped from the writer, that the reader can understand what the constructive which the writer mean.

http://www.poemofquotes.com/articles/elements-of-poetry.php

http://www.westga.edu/~scarter/Figurative_Language1.htm

http://www.frostfriends.org/figurative.html

http://www.brighthub.com/education/k-12/articles/32225.aspx